X-ray and gamma spectroscopy of coal and coal ash samples

Large numbers of trace elements occur in coals used in coal burning power plants. In order to assess the environmental impact of the coal fuel cycle, coal and coal ash samples need to be analyzed for a number of toxic and radioactive elements. In this work we demonstrate the analytical use of X-ray and γ-ray spectroscopies. Concentration levels for a number of trace elements were determined by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), proton induced γ-ray emission (PIGE) and γ-radioactivity spectrometry. Special attention was paid to sample preparation procedures and quality control by analysis of standard reference materials. (orig.)