Published December 2007 | Version v1
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Biofuels - Communication to the Academy of Technologies. Energy and Sustainable development Commission, biofuels working group, December 2007

Creators

Description

This report presents an overview of the technologies which are currently used or presently developed for the production of bio-fuels in Europe and more particularly in France. After a brief history of this production since the beginning of the 20. century, the authors describe the support to agriculture and the influence of the Common Agricultural Policy, outline the influence of the present context of struggle against the greenhouse effect, and present the European legislative context. Data on the bio-fuels consumption in the European Union in 2006 are discussed. An overview of the evolution of the activity related to bio-fuels in France, indicating the locations of ethanol and bio-diesel production facilities, and the evolution of bio-fuel consumption, is given. The German situation is briefly presented. Production of ethanol by fermentation, the manufacturing of ETBE, the bio-diesel production from vegetable oils are discussed. Second generation bio-fuels are then presented (cellulose enzymatic processing), together with studies on thermochemical processes and available biomass resources

Abstract (French)

Dans un contexte previsible de rarefaction et par consequent d'augmentation du prix des carburants d'origine fossile, les biocarburants presentent le double avantage d'une production renouvelable et d'un gain energetique net. De plus, de par leur origine vegetale, ces biocarburants permettent une reduction nette des rejets de gaz a effet de serre par rapport aux produits fossiles correspondants. La France s'est engagee de facon volontariste des le debut du XXIe siecle dans la construction de filieres industrielles completes, du champ a l'usine. Celles-ci integrent les cultures et le stockage des cereales et de betteraves pour la production d'ethanol et celles du colza et du tournesol pour la production de l'huile vegetale, ces matieres premieres d'origine agricole qui apres transformation chimique se substituent respectivement a l'essence et au fuel. Afin d'elargir la palette des matieres premieres utilisables et en particulier de pouvoir utiliser des dechets agricoles, sylvicoles ou menagers qui de par leur nature n'entreront plus en competition avec des produits agricoles utilises egalement dans l'alimentation, de nouvelles technologies sont actuellement en phase de developpement dans plusieurs pays dont la France. L'Academie des technologies fait l'etat de l'avancement de ces developpements et esquisse les scenarios qui, d'ici 2030, au moment ou le prix des carburants fossiles deviendra reellement problematique, positionneront les biocarburants comme un element important mais surement partiel du bouquet energetique dedie aux transports terrestres

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Additional details

Additional titles

Original title (French)
Les biocarburants - Communication a l'Academie des Technologies. Commission Energie et Developpement Durable Groupe de travail 'biocarburants', Decembre 2007

Publishing Information

Imprint Pagination
79 p.
Report number
INIS-FR--23-0268

INIS

Country of Publication
France
Country of Input or Organization
France
INIS RN
54032336
Subject category
S09: BIOMASS FUELS;
Descriptors DEI
AGRICULTURE; BIODIESEL FUELS; BIOGAS PROCESS; BIOMASS CONVERSION PLANTS; BIOMASS PLANTATIONS; CELLULOSE; ENERGY SOURCE DEVELOPMENT; ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS; ETHANOL FUELS; FERMENTATION; FINANCIAL INCENTIVES; GASIFICATION; HEMICELLULOSE; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; LAND USE; PYROLYSIS; RESEARCH PROGRAMS; VEGETABLE OILS
Descriptors DEC
ALCOHOL FUELS; ALTERNATIVE FUELS; ANAEROBIC DIGESTION; BIOCONVERSION; BIOFUELS; CARBOHYDRATES; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; COOPERATION; DECOMPOSITION; DIGESTION; FUELS; HYDROLYSIS; INDUSTRIAL PLANTS; LIQUID FUELS; LYSIS; OILS; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; POLYSACCHARIDES; SACCHARIDES; SOLVOLYSIS; SYNTHETIC FUELS; THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES

Optional Information

Notes
32 refs.; Available from the INIS Liaison Officer for France, see the INIS website for current contact and E-mail addresses