The present status in the clinical development of MR contrast media

The paramagnetic extracellular Gd contrast media (Gd-CM) Magnevist, Dotarem, Omniscan, and ProHance are on the market, whereas Gadovist, Optimark, and MultiHance (also used as a hepatobiliary CM) are undergoing clinical trials (phase III). Among other indications, Gd-CM are applied in tumours, inflammation, vascular pathologies, and MR-angiography. The paramagnetic hepatobiliary CM Teslascan, Eovist and MultiHance are in clinical trials (phase II and III). They improve tumour detection and characterisation. The Mn-CM Teslascan is also suited for pancreatic imaging, the Gd-CM MultiHance for imaging of myocardial infarction and the brain, and the Gd-CM Eovist has been used in liver CT. The superparamagnetic reticuloendothelial CM Endorem is on the market whereas Resovist is undergoing phase-III trials. Both agents have the same indications as the hepatobiliary CM. Sinerem is another superparamagnetic CM. However, it acts as a blood pool agent and accumulates in lymph nodes (MR lymphography). Gastrointestinal CM are divided into paramagnetic, superparamagnetic and diamagnetic agents acting either as positive or negative CM. Some are on the market, but their clinical value is limited. (orig.)