Design and construction of a water treatment system

A physico-chemical water treatment system including a clarifier and a cation ion-exchange column of sodium cycle has been designed and constructed to obtain experience in design and technology of these systems. Water hardness is reduced from 500 PPM to zero PPM by reaction of lime with raw water in clarifier and passage of this partially softened water through the cation ion-exchange column for complete softening. The system has the capacity of treating 30,000 liters of water per cycle of operation. Ascending water velocity in the clarifier and volume and concentration of the regenerant and flow rate of water in the cation ion-exchange column have been experimentally determined. The project has enhanced and upgraded ENTEC'S water experts abilities to design and construct water treatment systems at higher industrial scales. (Author)