Published July 1960
| Version v1
Book
Effects of Radiation on Polyvinyl Alcohol
Creators
Description
The change in the viscosity of polyvinyl alcohol solutions on irradiation was investigated. An initial decrease is followed by an increase as gelation sets in. Solutions of polyvinyl alcohol in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide were irradiated, but no cross linking took place. A viscosity increase was observed in solutions containing less than 5% of dimethyl sulfoxide, but at concentrations greater than this the dimethyl sulfoxide acts as a scavenger. The chemical changes taking place when polyvinyl alcohol was irradiated were studied. The carbonyl group content was determined by reaction with paranitrophenyl hydrazine. The rate of formation of carbonyl groups was independent of the dose rate. The chemical structure of irradiated polyvinyl alcohol was investigated and it was found that the cross links produced on irradiation were sensitive to sodium periodate solutions. This is known to decompose the 1,2 glycol, α-oxiketone and the α-diketone bonds. The results suggest that the cross links may have the structure of one of these three types of linkage. (author)
Abstract (French)
Les auteurs ont etudie les modifications de la viscosite de l'alcool polyvinylique en solution qui se produisent sous l'effet des rayonnements. Ils ont observe une diminution initiale de la viscosite suivie d'une augmentation lorsque la gelification commence. L'alcool polyvinylique en solution aqueuse de dimethyl-sulfinone a ete irradie, mais il n'y a pas eu reticulation. Une augmentation de la viscosite a ete observee dans le cas de solutions contenant moins de 5 pour cent de dimethyl-sulfinone , mais, a plus fortes concentrations, le dimethyl-sulfinone joue le role d'agent intercepteur. Les auteurs ont etudie les modifications chimiques de l'alcool polyvinylique irradie. La teneur en groupements carbonyle a ete determinee par reaction avec de l'hydrazine paranitrophenylique. Le taux de formation des groupements carbonyle est independant de l'intensite de la dose. Les auteurs ont etudie la structure chimique de l'alcool polyvinylique irradie et ont constate que la reticulation produite par irradiation est sensible au periodate de sodium en solutions. On sait qu'il en resulte une decomposition des liaisons 1,2 glycol, α-oxycetone et α-dicetone. Les resultats indiquent que la reticulation peut posseder la structure de l'un de ces trois types de liaison. (author)Abstract (Spanish)
Los autores han estudiado la influencia que la irradiacion del alcohol polivinilico en solucion ejerce sobre la viscosidad del polimero, y comprobaron que esta disminuye al principio para aumentar despues, al iniciarse la gelificacion. Han irradiado alcohol polivinilico disuelto en sulfoxido de dimetilo acuoso, sin que se produjese reticulacion. En las soluciones cuyo contenido de sulfoxido de dimetilo es inferior al 5 por ciento, se observa un aumento de la viscosidad, mientras que a concentracione s mas elevadas, el sulfoxido de dimetilo actua como agente depurador. Los autores han estudiado igualmente las transformaciones quimicas que el alcohol polivinilico experimenta como consecuencia de la irradiacion. Han determinado el contenido de grupos carbonilo por reaccion con paranitrofenilhidrazina y llegaron a la conclusion de que la velocidad de formacion de grupos carbonilo es independiente de la intensidad de irradiacion. El estudio de la estructura quimica del alcohol polivinilico irradiado revela que las soluciones de peryodato sodico atacan los enlaces transversales formados por la irradiacion. Como se sabe, este compuesto destruye los enlaces 1,2 glicol, α- oxicetona y α-dicetona. Los resultados parecen confirmar la hipotesis de que la estructura de los enlaces transversales corresponde a uno de esos tres tipos de union. (author)Abstract (Russian)
Provodilis' issledovaniya izmeneniya vyazkosti rastvorov polivinilalkogolya pri ikh obluchenii. Nachal'noe umen'shenie vyazkosti smenyaetsya uvelicheniem pri nastuplenii studenistosti . Oblucheniyu podvergalis' rastvory polivinil-alkogolya v vodnom dimetil-sul'fokside, no poperechnykh soedinenij ne proizoshlo. Uvelichenie vyazkosti nablyudalos' v rastvorakh, kotorye soderzhali menee 5% dimetil-sul'foksida, no pri bolee vysokikh kontsentratsiyakh, dimetil-sul'foksid vystupaet v roli uborshchika musora. Izuchalis' khimicheskie izmeneniya polivinil-alkogolya pri ego obluchenii. Soderzhimoe karbonilovoj gruppy opredelyalos' reaktsiej s paranitrofenil-gidratsinom. Skorost' obrazovaniya karbonilovykh grupp ne zavisela ot ob'ema dozy. Issledovalas' khimicheskaya struktura obluchennogo polivinil-alkogolya; pri issledovanii bylo obnaruzheno, chto poperechnye soedineniya, poluchennye v rezul'tate oblucheniya, chuvstvitel'ny k periodicheski natrievym rastvoram. Kak izvestno, ehto razrushaet 1,2 glikol', α-oksiketon i α-diketon svyazi. Rezul'taty govoryat za to, chto poperechnye soedineniya mogut imet' strukturu, otnosyashchuyusya k odnomu iz ehtikh trekh tipov soedineniya. (author)Additional details
Additional titles
- Original title (English)
- Effets des rayonnements sur l'alcool polyvinylique; Vliyanie radiatsii na polivinil-alkogol'; Efectos de la irradiacion en el alcohol polivinilico
Publishing Information
- Publisher
- IAEA
- Imprint Place
- Vienna (International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA))
- Imprint Title
- Large radiation sources in industry. Proceedings of a conference on the application of large radiation sources in industry. V. I
- Imprint Pagination
- 492 p.
- Series
- Proceedings Series
- Journal Page Range
- p. 331-339
- ISSN
- 0074-1884
Conference
- Title
- Conference on the application of large radiation sources in industry
- Dates
- 8-12 Sep 1959
- Place
- Warsaw (Poland)
INIS
- Country of Publication
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- Country of Input or Organization
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- INIS RN
- 43113110
- Subject category
- S38: RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY;
- Resource subtype / Literary indicator
- Conference
- Descriptors DEI
- CARBONYLS; CROSS-LINKING; DMSO; DOSE RATES; GLYCOLS; HYDRAZINE; IRRADIATION; KETONES; PVA; SODIUM; SOLUTIONS; VISCOSITY
- Descriptors DEC
- ALCOHOLS; ALKALI METALS; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; DISPERSIONS; ELEMENTS; HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES; HYDROXY COMPOUNDS; METALS; MIXTURES; NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC POLYMERS; ORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS; POLYMERIZATION; POLYMERS; POLYVINYLS; SULFOXIDES
Optional Information
- Notes
- 5 figs., 1 tab., 10 refs.
- Secondary number(s)
- STI/PUB--12(Vol.1)