Application of three analytical approaches to the model of ion sound and Langmuir waves

This study retrieves optical soliton outcomes from the ion sound and Langmuir wave (ISLW) structure used in birefringent fibres. With the improved Kudryashov, novel Kudryashov and expa-function approaches, we form soliton solutions to the proposed nonlinear structure. These structures are achieved by utilising the computational software Maple 18. The governing model is converted to an ordinary differential form using a variable transformation. The obtained optical soliton solutions demonstrate some waveforms, such as W -shaped periodic waves, dual-periodic waves and periodic waves with single and multibreather solitons. Optical dark-bright breather wave, optical dark soliton and optical bright multi-breathers are also obtained. The acquired results show that these three methods are more convenient and straightforward than any other technique for finding optical soliton solutions to the ISLW equation. These results are novel and have not been obtained in previous works. Therefore, the obtained results will play an important role in mathematical physics and engineering applications. (author)