Neutron scattering study of systems with disordered hydrogen bonds

Hydrogen bonding is often one of the key factors determining the properties of condensed media and, above all, of various biological objects. The spatial distribution of protons in a crystal and their dynamics are successfully studied by the methods of neutron scattering because of a large scattering amplitude of thermal neutrons scattered by hydrogen and the small mass of a proton. Below, some methods of neutron scattering by crystals, their applications to the study of phase transitions in crystals with hydrogen bonding, proton diffusion in crystals with such bonding, and the structural and dynamical properties of proton dipole glasses and some biological systems are reviewed