Gas switching reforming for flexible power and hydrogen production to balance variable renewables

Highlights: • The Gas Switching Reforming Combined Cycle (GSR-CC) plant is presented. • GSR-CC is designed for cost-effective balancing of variable renewable energy (VRE). • The plant produces power during low VRE output and hydrogen during high VRE output. • This ensures high utilization of CO₂ capture, transport and storage infrastructure. • As a result, GSR-CC offers attractive economics as a mid-load plant to balance VRE. -- Abstract: Variable renewable energy (VRE) is expected to play a major role in the decarbonization of the electricity sector. However, decarbonization via VRE requires a fleet of flexible dispatchable plants with low CO₂ emissions to supply clean power during times with limited wind and sunlight. These plants will need to operate at reduced capacity factors with frequent ramps in electricity output, posing techno-economic challenges. This study therefore presents an economic assessment of a new near-zero emission power plant designed for this purpose. The gas switching reforming combined cycle (GSR-CC) plant can produce electricity during times of low VRE output and hydrogen during times of high VRE output. This product flexibility allows the plant to operate continuously, even when high VRE output makes electricity production uneconomical. Although the CO₂ avoidance cost of the GSR-CC plant (€61/ton) was similar to the benchmark post-combustion CO₂ capture plant under baseload operation, GSR-CC clearly outperformed the benchmark in a more realistic scenario where continued VRE expansion forces power plants into mid-load operation (45% capacity factor). In this scenario, GSR-CC promises a 5 %-point higher annualized investment return than the post-combustion benchmark. GSR-CC therefore appears to be a promising concept for a future scenario with high VRE market share and CO₂ prices, provided that a large market for clean hydrogen is established.