The hadronic width of the Z0 and R in e+e-

The present experimental determinations of the two related quantities: R(e+e-) and Γhad(Z0) are examined and their values compared with the predictions of perturbative QCD. Both sets of data consistently lie significantly above the theoretical values. However, they are shown to be consistent with a strong-interaction correction roughly twice the magnitude of that expected in the standard approach. In the framework of Anisotropic Chromodynamics however, the correction obtained is consistent with the experimental determinations. The conclusion is that this is very strong evidence for the failure of perturbative QCD to account for the non-trivial structure of the QCD vacuum and thus of long-distance effects which pervade even the high-energy regime. On the other hand such effects are correctly described within the formulation of Anisotropic Chromodynamics. (author) 20 refs.; 6 figs.; 3 tabs