Assessment of the economic and energetic potential of residues from the green coconut industry

This work uses new waste feedstock, essential to increase the range of new biomass, demonstrating experimentally and numerically the economic potential of coconut husk residues to produce renewable biofuels (pyrolytic oil and biochar) through slow pyrolysis. The samples were submitted to a pyrolysis process (500 deg C for 30 min, with a heating rate of 20 deg C min^-1, using water vapor as carrier gas), where the biochar and bio-oil yields reached were 31 and 30%, respectively. The main components found in bio-oil were furfural (29.23%), phenol (22.18%), and isoeugenol (10.26%). The surface area values (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Langmuir) found for biochar were greater than 300 m² g^-1 and a micropore volume of 0.11 cm³ g^-1. The estimated theoretical energy potential of biochar and bio-oil were 208,107,180 MJ and 190,205,438 MJ, equivalent to 3,729,518.4 tons of coconut husks. Thus, this study brings as a novelty a new feedstock associated with bioprocess technological models that will pave sustainable avenues for the development of biorefineries, offering a sustainable green option to produce bioproducts and bioenergy. In the proposed model, the wastes are valorized using various processes addressing economy. (author)