Multireaction spallation detectors for measuring fluxes and energy spectra of high energy hadrons

A method is described for measuring fluxes and energy spectra of high energy hadron cascade particles in the energy range of tens to hundreds of MeV. A multitude of spallation reactions induced in copper foils are identified and quantitatively measured by the use of high resolution Ge(Li) gamma spectroscopy and computerized analysis. Calculated spallation cross sections are used to estimate hadron fluxes above different threshold energies and to determine the energy spectra of these particles. Results obtained with high energy proton accelerators are presented and compared with hadron cascade calculations.