Influence of superthermal plasma particles on the Jeans instability in self-gravitating dusty plasmas with dust charge variations

Highlights: • The current of superthermal electrons and ions on the dust surface is calculated. • Increase in the superthermal particles number increases growth rate of instability. • Increase in the superthermal particles number decreases DA waves frequency. • By decreasing κ, the ratio of electric to self-gravitational force is decreased. • Dust charge variations decreases the ratio of electric to self-gravitational force. - Abstract: A theoretical analysis of the dust acoustic waves in the self-gravitating dusty plasmas is presented within the consideration of the superthermal electrons, ions and dust charge variations. For this purpose, the current of electrons and ions to the dust surface is calculated, and then the dispersion relation for the dust acoustic waves is obtained. It is shown that by increasing the number of superthermal particles, the growth rate of the instability increases, the dust acoustic waves frequency decreases, and the instability region is extended to the smaller wavelengths. Moreover, it is found that the ratio of the electric force to the self-gravitational force is decreased in the presence of the superthermal particles, and dust charge variations.