Dual beam irradiations under stress

Radiation damage in fusion reactor first-wall materials will be dominated by, high gas production rates resulting from (n,p) and (n, α) reactions, for which cross sections increase rapidly at neutron energies above 10 MeV and predominance of very high energy recoils (> 100keV) in the damage from 14 MeV neutrons. Probably the most important aspect of materials behaviour will be the effect of high gas production rates on processes such as swelling, irradiation creep/fatigue and microstructural evolution. A number of facilities are available which reproduce or simulate some aspects of these conditions of high gas generation rate and damage rate. In this presentation light-ion and dual-beam facilities will be reviewed, with the emphasis being on dual-beam facilities in which an applied stress can be employed. (author)