Predictive biomaker for the detection of ionizing radiation toxicity

This paper introduces biomarkers used for estimating the extent of radioactive exposure using biological samples, so-called radiation biodosimetry, and also introduces part of the new exploratory study on biomarkers for radiation-induced adverse events, where the authors have been working on. One of the features of biodosimetry that differs from physical dosimetry is that direct assessment is possible, including individual radio-sensitivity. In the radiotherapy field, even if an accurate physical dose is given, there are some patients who strongly express the occurrence of adverse events in the risk organs and some patients who hardly express the occurrence. Biomarkers with both such rapidity and biological responsiveness can be applied to both medical triage and radiotherapy optimization. This paper explained two metabolic components: (1) 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which is a marker of radiation exposure in urine and an indicator of the oxidative damage of nucleic acids in cells, (2) malondialdehyde (MDA), which is a lipid oxidative metabolite induced by protein and nucleic acid metabolism due to oxidative stress. As a biomarker in blood, this paper explained miR-375-3p among miRNA. By the way, miR-765 has been reported as a radiation exposure marker for the treatment of colorectal cancer. (A.O.)