Theoretical modelling of alpha particle-induced X-ray signals from the lunar surface

The elemental composition of a planetary surface can be deduced from in situ measurements by remote sensing techniques or laboratory analysis of the returned samples. Compositional maps of the moon, Mars and asteroids have been obtained using remote sensing X-ray and gamma-ray spectroscopy in the last six decades of planetary exploration. With respect to lunar science, the magnesium number, i.e. MgO/(MgO⁺ FeO) estimation is considered significant for understanding lunar origin. Determination of the abundance of major elements in the South Pole Aitkin Basin at high spatial resolution will improve our knowledge regarding the early evolution of the moon.