Radiation treatment of cervical lymph node metastases from an unknown primary: an analysis of outcome by treatment volume and other prognostic factors

One hundred and forty-four patients with diagnosis of carcinoma involving cervical lymph nodes from an unknown primary site were seen at the Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto between 1970 and 1986. This paper addresses the outcome of two treatment approaches using radiation treatment as potentially curative therapy. The treatment approaches compared in a retrospective analysis are radiation to the involved node regions alone (85 cases), and radiation to both the nodes and to potential primary sites in the head and neck (59 cases). The overall 5-year survival rate of the entire group of 144 cases was 41%. There was a trend to increased survival in favour of the group receiving radiation to the nodes and potential primary sites (p = 0.07), however, when differences in extent of nodal involvement were considered and adjusted for using the Cox Proportional Hazard Model, no difference in survival, or cause-specific survival was found between the two treatment groups (p = 0.18 and 0.22, respectively). A total of seven head and neck primary cancers were subsequently discovered, six in the group receiving radiation only to the nodes and one in the group receiving radiation to the nodes and primary sites. The results of this retrospective analysis need to be interpreted with caution but suggest that, for some patients with this diagnosis, radiation to the involved node region alone is adequate. A discussion of the literature is presented with attention to the effect of extent of treatment on outcome