Nanohybrid electrolytes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries: recent advances and future challenges

Next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) will have a two to three times increase in energy density compared to today's technology due to the adoption of new cathode and anode materials. In addition, their safety properties need to be further enhanced to allow large-scale applications. In this context, new electrolytes with high lithium-ion (Li⁺) conductivity as well as good stability should be developed. Recently, there has been a growing interest in developing nanohybrid electrolytes. By combining organic (polymers, ionic liquids) and/or inorganic (Li⁺-conductive ceramics and glasses) functional constituents, a broad range of nanohybrid electrolytes with interesting chemical, mechanical and electrochemical properties have been designed and evaluated in different cell chemistry. This article aims to conduct a comprehensive review on the development of nanohybrid electrolytes in recent years (2012 to present). Specifically, we summarize and analyze the recent progress of gel-, inorganic- and polymer-based nanohybrid electrolytes with enhanced physicochemical properties and specified functionalities for their application in LIBs. Challenges and perspectives for future development of better nanohybrid LIB electrolytes are also discussed. (topical review)