Multipurpose penning ion source

In this work the cold cathode PIG ion source is used to produce beside the positive ion beams, electrons and negative hydrogen ion beams. So that, at extracting voltage=10KV the extracted positive ion current=3mA, and the extracted electron current=46mA. Also, the source yields argon ion species up to Ar+8. The volume production of negative ion beams is carried out by the magnetic filter transverse to the beam direction using two permanent magnets on both sides of the expansion cup. So that the extracted negative hydrogen ion current=11mA at extracting voltage=7kV. Also the magnetic filter decreases the e/H ration from 4 to 1