Towards true unipolar ECG recording without the Wilson central terminal (preliminary results)

We present an innovative bio-potential front-end capable of recording true unipolar ECG leads for the first time without making use of the Wilson central terminal. In addition to the convenience in applications such as continuous monitoring and rapid diagnosis, the information in unipolar recordings may yield unique diagnostic information as it avoids the need to essentially subtract data or make use of the averaging effect imposed from the Wilson central terminal. The system also allows direct, real-time software calculation of signals corresponding to standard ECG leads which achieve correlations in excess of 92% with a gold standard ECG during a parallel in vivo recording. In addition, the implemented circuit is wideband (0.05–1000 Hz), compatible with standard (Ag/AgCl) bio-potential electrodes, and dry (paste-less) textile electrodes. The circuit is also low power, requiring less than 50 mW (when powered at 12 V) per standard ECG lead (two channels required). It is therefore well suited for wearable, long-term applications. (paper)