Land use regression modelling of NO2 in São Paulo, Brazil

Highlights: • Measured NO₂ in São Paulo largely exceed the concentrations recommended by WHO. • Especially in winter the NO₂ measurements were high (43.2 μg/m³ to 93.4 μg/m³). • NO₂ LUR models explains 52 %, 75 % and 66 % (winter-summer-annual) of variance (R²). • 67 % of the residential population is exposed to annual NO₂ levels over WHO guidelines. Air pollution is a major global public health problem. The situation is most severe in low- and middle-income countries, where pollution control measures and monitoring systems are largely lacking. Data to quantify the exposure to air pollution in low-income settings are scarce.