Pneumocephalus as a consequence of barotrauma

Pneumocephalus has been noted in a variety of medical and surgical conditions. The most common etiology is accidental and iatrogenic craniofacial trauma. No cases of pneumocephalus associated with rapid pressure change have been documented previously. The authors report the case of a previously healthy scuba diver who experienced pneumocephalus likely on the basis of air trapping and barotrauma. CT and radiography were used to make the diagnosis