QCD in the nuclear medium and effects due to Cherenkov gluons

The equations of in-medium gluodynamics are proposed. Their classical lowest-order solution is explicitly shown for a color charge moving with constant speed. For chromopermittivity larger than 1 it describes emission of Cherenkov gluons resembling results of classical electrodynamics. The values of the real and imaginary parts of the chromopermittivity are obtained from the fits to experimental data on the double-humped structure around the away-side jet obtained at RHIC. The dispersion of the chromopermittivity is predicted by comparing the RHIC, SPS, and cosmic-ray data. This is important for LHC experiments. Cherenkov gluons may be responsible for the asymmetry of dilepton mass spectra near ρ meson observed in the SPS experiment with excess in the low-mass wing of the resonance. This feature is predicted to be common for all resonances. The 'color rainbow' quantum effect might appear according to higher-order terms of in-medium QCD if the chromopermittivity depends on color.