Virial inequalities for steady states in relativistic galactic dynamics

It is well known that steady states of the Vlasov–Poisson system, a widely used model in non-relativistic galactic dynamics, have negative energy. In this paper we derive the analogous property for two relativistic generalizations of the Vlasov–Poisson system: the Nordström–Vlasov system and the Einstein–Vlasov system. In the first case we show that the energy of steady states is bounded by their total rest mass; in the second case, where we also assume spherical symmetry, we prove an inequality which involves not only the energy and the rest mass, but also the central redshift. In both cases the proof makes use of integral inequalities satisfied by time dependent solutions and which are derived using the vector fields multipliers method