HIF-1α induces immune escape of prostate cancer by regulating NCR1/NKp46 signaling through miR-224

Highlights: • This study clarified the mechanisms underlying prostate tumor cells escaping from NK cells mediated by HIF-1α. • NCR1 was identified as a target of miR-224, and the interaction between HIF-1α and miR-224 was validated in prostate cancer. • These findings of this study may facilitate the development of effective immunotherapy for metastatic prostate cancer. Metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa) is largely affected by natural killer (NK) cells. This study aimed to clarify the mechanisms underlying tumor cells escaping from NK cells mediated by HIF-1α.