Man-made radioactivity

Productions and types of artificial radioactive materials generated for various applications are discussed in this chapter. Newly discovered radioactive materials deriving from fission products are also included. The following subjects are covered: nuclear reactions- notation of reactions, charge particle induced reaction, neutron induced reaction, neutron generators, reaction mechanism; species of radioisotopes - from (n,γ), (n,f), charge particles induced reactions, carrier free radioisotopes, artificial elements - technetium group, transuranium elements; rate of production, radionuclides in environment via nuclear explosion, fuel reprocessing, nuclear reactors and nuclear accident. The radioactive materials found in consumer products which are not cover and control by the acts and regulation are also discussed briefly. (Author)