Improvement on Fermionic properties and new isotope production in molecular dynamics simulations

By considering momentum transfer in the Fermi constraint procedure, the stability of the initial nuclei and fragments produced in heavy-ion collisions can be further improved in quantum molecular dynamics simulations. The case of a phase-space occupation probability larger than one is effectively reduced with the proposed procedure. Simultaneously, the energy conservation can be better described for both individual nuclei and heavy-ion reactions. With the revised version of the improved quantum molecular dynamics model, the fusion excitation functions of ¹⁶O+¹⁸⁶W and the central collisions of Au+Au at 35 AMeV are re-examined. The fusion cross sections at sub-barrier energies and the charge distribution of fragments are relatively better reproduced due to the reduction of spurious nucleon emission. The charge and isotope distribution of fragments in Xe+Sn, U+U and Zr+Sn at intermediate energies are also predicted. More unmeasured extremely neutron-rich fragments with Z  = 16–28 are observed in the central collisions of ²³⁸U+²³⁸U than that of ⁹⁶Zr+¹²⁴Sn, which indicates that multi-fragmentation of U+U may offer a fruitful pathway to new neutron-rich isotopes. (paper)