Implementing the principle of precaution in the nuclear industry - the place of probabilistic studies

Nuclear safety systems derive from implementation of the principle of precaution and seek to protect workers, the public and the environment against the effects of ionizing radiation. Basically, a nuclear safety system involves risk identification, radioprotection, a thorough understanding of the effects of ionizing radiation, an independent safety authority responsible for inspection and regulation, and a technical approach based on comprehensive defence. Probabilistic studies conducted over the last thirty years or so have generated descriptions of just about every imaginable scenario liable to cause dysfunction. And as our nuclear plants age, we also need to allow for the additional attendant risks. (author)