Transparent Nanocrystalline Glass-Ceramic System for Organic Pollutants Degradation

Because of the superior photocatalytic activities of nanocrystalline TiO₂ and ZnO under UV irradiation, they were embedded into the glass system (SiO₂, TiO₂, ZnO, B₂O₃, Na₂O, K₂O, P₂O₅, Li₂O and BaO) to provide easy separation from the aqueous system. Different contents of TiO₂ and ZnO have been investigated. Conversion to glass-ceramic materials was carried out by heat treatment at 450 °C, which is the onset of the nucleation peak according to the differential thermal analysis (DTA) result, for different times. This heat treatment regime preserves the transparency of the prepared materials in the visible region and good absorption in the UV region. The high content of TiO₂ or ZnO caused an improvement of microhardness of the prepared materials, though the presence of the two oxides with the same ratio decreased the microhardness values. Photocatalytic activity of the prepared glass-ceramic materials was investigated according to their efficiency for the degradation of humic acid (HA), the major precursor of disinfection by-products (DBPs), from water. All samples were proved to be photoactive with different extents. Four hours heat treatment at 450 °C appears to be the best conditions for the development of TiO₂ and ZnO crystals leading to better photocatalytic activity.