On the most important conditions for the quality of X-ray analyses in Europe, Japan and the USA

From the numerous rules and regulations applying to X-ray equipment only a few are selected and discussed. Two different spheres of problems are mentioned: leakage radiation, prefiltration, distance focus-skin, and tube voltage, spot size, luminescence, multi-leaf collimator. The paper gives recommendations relating to subject areas. A recommendation takes into account overiding aspects, which are independent of individual subject areas. They point out the necessity 1. to have harmonized tolerances in the whole world, 2. to make for smaller and less numerous tolerances. However, the purpose and meaning of any instruction, determination or regulation is to protect man from any kind of damage, especially, in this case, radiation damage. But the least effective way of achieving this aim is by an abundance of laws. This might cause no action to be taken at all unless by regulation, in other words the will to answer for oneself is not strengthened or is lost. Thus, to obtain a maximum of protection, especially radiation protection, it is necessary to improve the quality of regulations but to manage with a smaller number of regulations. These, it can be expected, will be more carefully observed, appreciated and adhered to. (orig.)