Application of membrane technology in the treatment of waste liquid containing radioactive materials

The growing application of radioactive materials in various industries, such as nuclear power, oil and gas, and research labs, has led to an increase in the amount of radioactive material present in waste liquids. This poses a risk to both the environment and human health through exposure to radiation. Current methods for treating these types of waste liquids, aside from membrane technology, are not economically feasible. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate ways to effectively treat liquid radioactive waste to comply with environmental regulations. Membrane technology is a cost-effective and energy-efficient method for treating radioactive waste. This review focuses on the utilization of membrane technology for the treatment of radioactive waste, discussing various collective membrane techniques, including nanofiltration, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, membrane distillation, and reverse osmosis. The review also evaluates selective membrane separation techniques such as ion-exchange membranes, supported liquid membranes, and polymer inclusion membranes. Previous studies' findings are summarized, and potential areas for future development are highlighted. (author)