A review of material development in the field of carbon capture and the application of membrane-based processes in power plants and energy-intensive industries

This review highlights recent developments and future perspectives on CO₂ capture from power plants and energy-intensive industries to reduce CO₂ emissions. Different types of membrane materials for CO₂ capture were reviewed in terms of material performance, energy efficiency, and cost. With regard to gas separation membrane technology, only three types of membranes have been demonstrated at pilot scale. Therefore, this work paid particular attention to recent development of membrane materials such as fixed-site-carrier membranes and ultrathin nanocomposite membranes. The required high-performance membranes with CO₂ permeance of 3 m³(STP)/(m² h bar) and high CO₂/N₂ selectivity (> 40) were identified as the future direction of material development. Moreover, novel energy-efficient process development for CO₂ capture in power plant and process industry are discussed; the MTR patented air sweeping process is considered one of the most energy-efficient processes for post-combustion CO₂ capture. In the last part, CO₂/CH₄ selectivity of > 30 was pointed out to be the requirement of energy-efficient membrane system for CO₂ removal from natural gas and biogas. Finally, significant improvements on membrane material performance, module, and process efficiency are still needed for membrane technology to be competitive in CO₂ capture.