Complication of inferior vena cava filter implantation and its prevention: current progress in research

Along with increasing use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter implantation, more and more attention has been paid to the filter-related complications by scholars both at home and abroad. For the present the generally accepted filter-related complications include filter deformation, filter tilt, filter fracture, filter migration, IVC perforation, IVC thrombosis, IVC occlusion, recurrence of pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), post-thrombosis syndrome (PTS), etc. Accurate recognition of filter-related complications and prompt use of appropriate measures that are directed against a given complication in order to reduce or avoid complications are of great clinical significance in applying the inferior vena cava filter to clinical practice in a more safe and effective way. This paper aims to make a comprehensive review about the filter-related complications and the research progress concerning their prevention in recent years. (authors)