Giant multiple resonances

The present state is reviewed of research into multipole giant resonances (MGR), alongside with methods of their study and main results of the microscopic theory of MGR. EL resonances are mainly discussed. For the investigation of MGR the reactions of inelastic scattering of e, p. 3He, α, anti p, and d on nuclei, the (p, γ0), (d, γ0), (3He γ0), (αγ0), and (anti p γ0) radiative capture photonuclear reactions and muon and pion radiative capture have been used. By the present time, about 50 nuclei from 16O to 238U have been investigated, among them Nd, Sm, Tb, Ho, Tm, Ta, and U deformed nuclei. Indications have been obtained of the existence of six MGR, which are different from the known E1 resonance. The structure and width of the E20-resonance are discussed. From a comparison between theoretical results and experimental data on new MGR, the conclusion can be made that the partially-hole approach is capable of explaining integral properties of the E20, E21 and apparently M1 and E3 resonances