Heat-pipes based first wall

Implementation of heat pipes is proposed with goals: (1) Replacement of the first wall without cutting of the pipelines. (2) Accommodation of high nonuniformity of heat loads. (3) Avoiding of high pressure and high temperature coolant in the primary circuit. (4) Protection of main coolant headers against plasma interaction. (5) Minimizing of coolant intrusion into plasma chamber by accidents. The first wall consists of separate panels made of heat pipes. The panels are fixed to the blanket structure. Evaporation zone faces plasma, condensation zone is inserted into heat exchanger integrated with blanket structure. Two types of the first wall panels are considered: one-chamber option (heat pipe is made as vapor chamber) and multi-pipe option. The main coolant of the blanket primary circuit is water with low parameters (∼2 MPa, 150 degrees C). As a structural material austenitic stainless steels is recommended for K working fluid. For water as a working fluid, the copper alloy is chosen. Proposed first wall construction scheme is based upon experimental database