Study of fertility and Haemato-biochemical alterations in Swiss albino mice exposed to 5g cell phone radiations

The impact of fifth-generation (5G) phone radiation on biological systems, particularly its effects on hematological, biochemical, and fertility parameters, has garnered significant public and media attention. This study aimed to assess the effects of 5G radiation on Swiss albino mice, focusing on blood parameters (total leukocyte count, total erythrocyte count, and % hemoglobin), serum creatinine levels, and fertility-related outcomes. After IAEC approval (SSH-P1-2024) to this study, fifteen female and five male Swiss albino mice (weighing 45-65 g) were randomly assigned into three groups: Group A (control), Group B (exposed to 45 minutes/day radiation), and Group C (exposed to 90 minutes/day radiation). Both experimental groups were exposed to radiation from two 2400 MHz 5G-enabled mobile phones for 60 days. Radiation exposure was measured using an electromagnetic frequency radiometer, yielding a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.085 W/kg. At the study 's conclusion, blood samples were analyzed for hematobiochemical parameters, and tissue samples from ovaries and testes were evaluated for histopathology and sperm count. Our results revealed the significant changes in the exposed groups versus healthy controls. Group B and Group C exhibited decreased total erythrocyte counts and body weights, while total leukocyte counts, hemoglobin percentages, and serum creatinine levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Sperm count was notably lower in Group C, with the 90-minute exposure group showing the greatest decline. Histopathological analysis revealed interstitial inflammation and mononuclear cell infiltration in Group C testes, along with irregular spermatogenic cell layers and enlarged seminiferous tubule lumens. Similar pathological changes were observed in ovaries of female mice (more abnormality in Group-C, followed by Group-B than Group-A). These findings suggest that 5G mobile radiation may disrupt blood hemostasis, induce tissue inflammation, and adversely affect fertility, highlighting the need for increased public awareness of the potential health risks of mobile phone radiation. (author)