Dyslipidemias in type II mellitus patients in a teaching hospital of Lahore, Pakistan

Subject: One hundred consecutive type II diabetics between the age of 40-70 years. Those who had hyperlipidemia due to other causes e.g. nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism and type-I diabetes mellitus were excluded. Results: One hundred patients suffering from type II diabetes were included in the study. Out of these 64% were females and 36% were males. The age range was 41-70 years with mean of 56.1 plus minus 9.38. Out of these 100 patients, duration of diabetes mellitus of less than 10 years was noted in 43% of patients and more than 10 years in 57%. Random blood sugar was 229.34 plus minus 6.23 and fasting blood sugar was 153.5 plus minus 4.45 when it was seen in the total study subjects, random blood sugar 210.51 plus minus 7.68 and fasting blood sugar 143.83 plus minus 5.35 in sub group whose duration of illness was less than 10 years. In sub group whose DM was more than 10 years random blood sugar was 257.91 plus minus 12.81 and fasting blood sugar was 171.21 plus minus 8.14. Serum cholesterol was 226.88 plus minus 18.48 in the patients as one group, in illness of less than 10 years, it was 191.72 plus minus 5.72 and in illness of more than 10 years duration it was 213.11 plus minus 6.70. Serum triglyceride in illness of less than 10 years duration was 191.83 plus minus 8.05 and where it was more than 10 years, it was 210.04 plus minus 8.90. Serum HDL-C was 36.25 plus minus 0.45 in patients illness of less than 10 years and 35.57 plus minus 0.60 in more than 10 years. Serum LDL - C was 127.1 plus minus 3.99 in patients with less than 10 years of diabetes mellitus and 147.5 plus minus 5.20 in patients with more than 10 years of illness. Fifty-eight patients were hypertensive, 43% of the male patients were smokers. Conclusions: Diabetic dyslipidemia in an important cause of morbidity. Duration of diabetes is associated with higher incidence of dyslipidemia. Type II DM is associated with marked increase in the risk of CHD. Dyslipidemia is believed to be a major cause of increased risk. In this study we found elevated total serum cholesterol, LDL-C but normal HDL-C. Patients should be educated to get checked regularly for lipid abnormalities and if found to be abnormal, should control blood sugar and lipids very effectively. (author)