Magnetoroton Softening in Rb Spinor Condensates with Dipolar Interactions

Superfluids with a tendency towards periodic order have both phonon- and rotonlike spectra. We show that magnetoroton softening occurs in 87Rb spinor condensates. A rich variety of dynamical instabilities emerges as a function of the magnetic field orientation and strength of the quadratic Zeeman shift. These instabilities are driven by an effective dipolar interaction modified dramatically by quasi-two-dimensionality and rapid Larmor precession.