Symmetry breaking and tunneling dynamics of F=1 spinor Bose–Einstein condensates in a triple-well potential

We investigate theoretically the symmetry breaking and tunneling dynamics in a mixture of three Zeeman states of F=1 spinor Bose–Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional triple-well potential. We demonstrate several novel density profiles of symmetric and asymmetric ground states of the three Zeeman states in the phase diagram of the (λn,λs) plane, where λn and λs are the coefficients of the spin-independent and spin-dependent interactions. The variation of density as a function of λs at fixed λn, which clearly shows the transition among distinct types of symmetric and asymmetric ground states, is also illustrated. In addition, the tunneling dynamics of F=1 spinor Bose–Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional triple-well potential is also demonstrated.