Dynamic swarms regulate the morphology and distribution of soft membrane domains

We study the dynamic structure of lipid domain inclusions embedded within a phase-separated reconstituted lipid bilayer in contact with a swarming flow of gliding filamentous actin. Passive circular domains transition into highly deformed morphologies that continuously elongate, rotate, and pinch off into smaller fragments, leading to a dynamic steady state with $\approx 23\times$ speedup in the relaxation of the intermediate scattering function compared with passive membrane domains driven by purely thermal forces. To corroborate experimental results, we develop a phase-field model of the lipid domains with two-way coupling to the Toner-Tu equations. We report phase domains that become entrained in the chaotic eddy patterns, with oscillating waves of domains that correlate with the dominant wavelengths of the Toner-Tu flow fields.