Final state of thermal evolution of Jupiter-type planet

Highlights: • The superconducting state in the giant planets composed primarily of hydrogen. • The high critical temperature. • The non BCS value of the ratio 2Δ/kBTC. • The large electron effective mass. - Abstract: Inside the planet consisting mostly of hydrogen (the Jupiter-type planet), in the last stage of the thermal evolution there should be induced the high-temperature superconducting state. In particular, for the effective temperature of the planet (TS equal to about 5 K), the superconducting phase of hydrogen will appear near the value of the pressures p1≡500GPa and p2≡2000GPa. Together with the further lowering of the temperature, the superconducting state will be induced in the hydrogen layers with the pressure successively distant from p1 and p2. The last superconducting layer will be created for p≃400GPa, at the moment, when TS drops to about 1.3K. It has been also shown that the rotating planet, in which the superconducting state was induced, is the source of the very weak magnetic field of the induction equal to about 10-11Gs. The results have been obtained on the basis of the analysis of the thermodynamic properties of the superconducting state in hydrogen subjected to the influence of the extremely high pressure at 3500 GPa (close to the core of the hypothetical planet) and on the basis of the literature describing the superconducting phase in hydrogen at the lower pressures