Effective field theories for the heavy quarkonium

We briefly review how nonrelativistic effective field theories give us a definition of the QCD potentials and a coherent field-theory-derived quantum-mechanical scheme to calculate the properties of bound states made by two or more heavy quarks. In this framework heavy quarkonium properties depend only on the QCD parameters (quark masses and a s ) and nonpotential corrections are systematically accounted for. The relation between the form of the nonperturbative potentials and the low-energy QCD dynamics is also discussed. Presented at the 20th Few-Body Conference, Pisa, Italy, 10-14 September 2007. (author)