Incorporation of Al-(hydr)oxide species onto the surface of TiO₂ nanoparticles: Improving the open-circuit voltage in dye-sensitized solar cells

This study presents the incorporation of Al-(hydr)oxide species onto the surface of TiO₂ nanoparticles used as photoelectrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells. The semiconductors prepared were comprehensively characterized by means of atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and UV–vis spectroscopy. The percentages of Al incorporated onto the TiO₂ surface were obtained, the maximum being 6.45 wt.% (Al/TiO₂). The presence of Al-(hydr)oxides in the samples was also determined, and was shown not to affect the crystalline phases present, as well as affecting the amount of dye that the semiconductors were able to absorb. These results are evidence of the presence of Al-(hydr)oxide species on the surface. Furthermore, the use of the semiconductors prepared as photoelectrodes in DSSCs led to an increase in open-circuit voltage of up to 16%. - Highlights: • The incorporation of Al-(hydr)oxides onto the TiO₂ nanoparticles surface was obtained. • The semiconductor prepared was used as photoelectrode in DSSCs. • The open-circuit voltage increases up to 16% using the semiconductors prepared. • The presence of Al-(hydr)oxides does not to affect the crystalline phases of TiO₂