Research on the effects of phase on stopping cross section for α and p in water

This work reviewed and analyzed the previous data of stopping cross section for a and p in different physical state water. The phase effect is existence with the same energy a or p in different physical state water, i.e. S_vapor>S_ice, _liquid. We first summarize the reasons and think that the result difference is related to the cumulative effects of the discrepancy of mean ionization energy I, dielectric effect, effect of aggregation upon the molecule, polarization phenomenon, effective charge of the incident ion, shell correction and plasma oscillation. (authors)