[en] We show how to extract the energy- and coordinate dependence of dipole-moments for a neutral-to-ionic molecular transition from time-resolved photoelectron spectra. The procedure needs the potential surfaces of the neutral and the cationic state which are involved in the ionization process as an input. Given these potentials and the laser parameters it is possible to determine the functional form of the transition dipole moment from the measured time- and energy-resolved transient signals. (authors)

No abstract available

No abstract available

[en] Calibration is required to obtain analyte concentrations in atomic spectrometry. To take full benefit of it, the adequacy of the coefficient of determination r² is discussed, and its use is compared with the uncertainty due to the prediction bands of the regression. Also discussed from a tutorial point of view are the influence of the weighting procedure and of different weighting factors, and the comparison between linear and quadratic regression to cope with curvatures. They are illustrated with examples based on the use of ICP-AES with nebulization and laser ablation, and of LIBS. Use of a calibration graph over several orders of magnitude may be problematic as well as the use of a quadratic regression to cope with possible curvatures. Instrument softwares that allow reprocessing of the calibration by selecting standards around the expected analyte concentration are convenient for optimizing the calibration procedure.

[en] We respond to the comment by Thomas Walther and reaffirm the findings of our original article. (reply)

[en] The ability to reliably and securely automate the monitoring of SNM is an important goal in Safeguards. Although item level monitoring of SNM requires both seal and tag technologies, the two technologies thus far have been developed more or less independently, and had been a lack of an integrated compact system. An integrated seal-and-tag approach not only aids inspectors to perform their tasks effectively, this approach also allows real-time inspection in large scale facilities. A typical facility could be the size of a large warehouse with hundreds or thousands of items that need to be sealed and monitored in real-time. Previously we reported on advanced secure RF passive (battery-less) tags with special features including, long-range interrogation of passive tags, communicating with passive tags with strong encryption and dynamic authentication features, and the ability to place the tags directly on metal objects. In this paper, we report on a novel secure passive tag integrated with fibre optics seal that allows real-time monitoring of items through secure wireless communications that employs AES encryption and dynamic authentication. Furthermore, the devices can be networked for large scale operations. The proposed passive seal has the same capabilities as active seals in that it allows realtime monitoring. However, the battery lifetimes of conventional active seals are limited or unpredictable. As the long-term storage of SNM might last for several years, these passive seals having been integrated with passive RF tags, extends the lifetime of the physical seals and tags indefinitely, while getting the same performance of active seals and tags. The integrated seal-and-tag is transformational in addressing a critical need in Safeguards area for long-term real-time monitoring. (author)

[en] A photoelectron spectrometer for electron temperature measurement is described. The photoelectrons are energy analyzed after adiabatic expansion in a spatially-decreasing magnetic field. Due to a magnetic field ratio (10:1) the photoelectron total energy is efficiently transformed into the longitudinal one. This method of analysis permits one to record a large portion of the photoelectrons emerging from the foil target. This provides good sensitivity of the instrument. Some results of the electron temperature measurements performed at the AMBAL-U facility are presented, T_e = 50-80 eV. 4 refs., 2 figs

[en] We theoretically investigated the coherent control of Autler-Townes splitting in photoelectron spectroscopy of K2 molecule within an ultrafast laser pulse by solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation using a quantum wave packet method. It was theoretically shown that we can manipulate the splitting of photoelectron spectroscopy by altering the laser intensity. Furthermore, it was found that the percentages of each peak in photoelectron spectroscopy can be controlled by changing the envelope of the laser pulse

[en] The X ray photoelectron intensity issued from a thin film sample attached below an anode (in a sheet form) is calculated and the principles and expected performances of photoelectron microanalysis are deduced. In scanning electron microscopy, using the proposed operating conditions, it will be possible to obtain a final electronic image not only characteristic of a given element but also of its oxydation degree with a spatial resolution of about 1μ. A.E.S. and X.P.S. are compared and the schematic drawing of a versatile apparatus allowing electron induced A.E.S., X ray induced A.E.S. and X.P.S. is pointed out

[en] CdS 'Q-state' particles, with average diameters varying from 2 nm to 10 nm, grown in arachidic acid Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films, deposited onto optically transparent glass electrodes (OTES), were exposed to H₂ Se(g) to form the corresponding Q-state Cd S_x Se_(1-x) particles. Those particles are considered to be made up of a core of CdS and coated with a monolayer of Cd Se. Q-state Cd S-x Se_(1-x) particle formation was verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and by monitoring a red shift in the UV-visible absorbance spectra relative to that of Cds. XPS results on 5 nm diameter CdS particles that had been grown in an LB film and then extensively exposed to H₂ S (g) revealed a stable average composition of Cd S₀.₄ Se₀₆. A study of the photoelectrochemical behaviour of these systems was conducted through current the open-circuit voltage and a marked increase in the short-circuit current was observed when LB films with Q-state CdS particles were exposed to H₂ Se(g). (author)