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[en] The photovoltaic energy sector is rapidly expanding and technological specification for PV has improved dramatically in the last two decades. This paper sketches the current state of the art and drafts three alternative scenarios for the future, in terms of costs, market penetration and environmental performance. According to these scenarios, if economic incentives are supported long enough into the next ten to twenty years, PV looks set for a rosy future, and is likely to play a significant role in the future energy mix, while at the same time contributing to reduce the environmental impact of electricity supply. (author)
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[en] The (future) competitive position of central-station fusion power will depend on the resolution of several broad public-policy issues, including the provision of adequate electrical energy to a growing world population and the interaction of economic and environmental considerations meeting evolving standards of public acceptance and regulatory compliance. Candidate baseload central-station power plants, fusion or other, will be expected to contend for preferential market penetration against an evolving set of performance indicators or metrics (e.g. cost of electricity) reflecting societal 'customer preferences' for abundant, affordable, safe, reliable, and environmentally benign sources. This competition is enhanced by transitions to price-deregulated regimes, overlaid by nuclear uncertainites and evolution beyond carbon-based fuels toward more renewables in the energy mix. From these top-level considerations, quantifiable attributes, including plant size (output), system power density, surface heat flux, recirculating power fraction, power-conversion efficiency, waste streams, and forced- and planned-outage rates emerge
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[en] It is now frequently recommended, that only ecological resources can save us and keep for the mankind more or less contemporary way of living for future. During such consideration it is obviously forgotten that ecological wind and sun have occasional character and that still we do not know how to store great amount of energy. It is also not easy to estimate, what is the maximal capacity of such resources, supposing that we want all such energy use. Work estimate one special case in which all ecological resources are fully correlated-the same wind or sun on all places of local power stations-typically one state or economy. (Author)
Source
Vidovszky, I. (Kiadja az MTA KFKI Atomenergia Kutatointezet, Budapest (Hungary)); Fortum Nuclear and Thermal (Finland); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (Finland); Lappeenranta University of Technology (Finland); The Aalto University School of Science and Technology (Finland); Paks NPP Ltd., Paks (Hungary); KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute, Budapest (Hungary); Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Budapest (Hungary); Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority (Hungary); VUJE, Inc., Trnava (Slovakia); Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Department of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Bratislava (Slovakia); Nuclear Regulatory Authority of the Slovak Republic (Slovakia); Nuclear Research Institute Rez plc, Husinec-Rez (Czech Republic); Skoda JS a.s., Plzen (Czech Republic); CEZ , Inc. (Czech Republic); University of Defence in Brno (Czech Republic); The University of West Bohemia Faculty of Applied Sciences (Czech Republic); Russian Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute', Moscow (Russian Federation); JSC OKB 'GIDROPRESS' (Russian Federation); JSC 'TVEL' (Russian Federation); Forschungszentrum Dresden- Rossendorf, Institute of Safety Research, Dresden (Germany); GRS mbH (Germany); Studsvik Scandpower GmbH (Germany); TUEV SUED Industrie Service, Energy and Technology (Germany); Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen - und Reaktorsicherheit (Germany); Studsvik Scandpower (Sweden); State Scientific and Technical Centre on Nuclear and Radiation Safety of Ukraine, Kyiv (Ukraine); Nuclear and Radiation Safety Centre (Armenia); Jiangsu Nuclear Power Corporation, Tianwan Nuclear Power Station (China); Jiangsu Nuclear Power Corporation (China); 790 p; ISBN 978-963-372-643-3 (OE); 
; Oct 2010; p. 1-6; 20. Atomic Energy Research Symposium on WWER Physics and Reactor Safety; Hanasaari, Espoo (Finland); 20-24 Sep 2010; 1 fig.
; Oct 2010; p. 1-6; 20. Atomic Energy Research Symposium on WWER Physics and Reactor Safety; Hanasaari, Espoo (Finland); 20-24 Sep 2010; 1 fig.
[en] Since nuclear units have a lower fuel cost than other thermal units, they will be operated on base load at their first stage of development. In this simple but current case, an approximate economic evaluation may consist in comparing total generation costs (including capital, operation and fuel costs) between different power plants (nuclear, coal-fired or oil fired) providing a same contribution to the network. For this purpose, levelized cost comparisons, such as made by Union Internationale des Producteurs et Distributeurs d'Electricite (UIPEDE) or by the nuclear Energy Agency (OECD), may provide valid conclusions on the economic advantage of nuclear power plants compared to fossil-fueled ones, as described in this presentation
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