[en] This annual report gives a survey of projects supported within the framework of the Matfo and Ma-Tech programs. These projects focus on research into materials for innovative: 1. information technology, 2. energy technology, 3. traffic engineering, 4. medical engineering, and 5. production engineering applications and on 6. general materials research and new fields. The descriptions of individual projects indicate project goals and work schedules, names of important sub-contractors, and total costs and the funds contributed by BMFT. Information added in an annex includes inter alia a list of publications, lectures, contracts, or patents resulting from project activities in the year 1994. (MM)

[en] After the results of the votes and in the frame of 'Energy 2000' the government called for the so-called energy peace which would enable an unimpeded and safe operation of the existing nuclear power plants and a constructive co-operation between supporter and opponents of the nuclear energy in order to find optimal solutions for the future needs. Due to this situation the project 'Kaiseraugst' has been stopped and the projects 'Graben' and 'Verbois' are not being continued by the electricity economy despite the fact that the approval for the locations was given. The industry has considerably reduced its activities in the field of nuclear energy or transferred them abroad. The research is concentrated at the Paul Scherer Institut (PSI), that continues to provide most of the scientific services for the nuclear power plants and the safety authority (HSK). The pre-conditions for the erection of a new nuclear power plant are discussed. (orig./DG)

[en] The legal framework for decommissioning of nuclear installations in Switzerland is described. By means of the examples SAPHIR and DIORIT, the interplay between planning, surveillance and waste management in the sense of an integral radiation protection is explained. (orig.)

No abstract available

[en] The history of the policy for environmental protection in Germany is characterized by a particularly fast rate of evolution over the roughly 25 years of its existence to a state of maturity for which all other fundamental political goals and principles of our society - such as democracy, supremacy of law, social welfare - have taken much more time to develop. Compared to this rapid development in theory, the situation of the environment has changed but little, and considering our current knowledge, revealing the interdependency of global ecological processes, there is danger of development to the worse. The United Nations have been signalising the beginning of a new approach towards the environment based on the principle of global responsibility. But the narrow lane of ''sustainable development'' will lead to success only if the great majority of people are prepared to take on personal responsibility. (orig.)

No abstract available

[en] Measures to combat poverty and improve the standard of living in countries of the Third World will inevitably boost global demand for energy, and energy conservation measures will not be able to offset this increase. Nuclear energy will regain significance in the framework of approaches adopted to resolve the energy problem, which primarily is an ecologic problem created by an extremely large flow of materials. The extraordinarily high energy density of nuclear fuels can contribute to markedly reduce the flow of materials; and at that, electric energy is an efficient substitute for primary energy forms. Thus nuclear electricity generation is of double benefit to the ecology. Engineering goals in nuclear technology thus gain a service aspect, with progress in power plant engineering and design aiming not only at enhanced engineered safety, but also at regaining public acceptance of and confidence in nuclear power plant technology. (orig./UA)

[en] EDP tools and applications are intended to contribute reasonable, simple, safe and low-cost services in support of radiation protection activities, in order to relieve the human specialists from the routine data management work and give them time and opportunity to do the more creative work of establishing appropriate radiation protection schemes and routines in response to the needs of their working environment. This is the most common aspect and more so in those cases where the job of a radiation protection officer is a part-time job in addition to other tasks. (orig./CB)

[en] The nuclear power plant at Beznau (KKB) comprises two identical 380 MW_e PWR units, commissioned in 1969 and 1970. Particularly in the last 15 years the plant has undergone an extensive modernization programme which is described in the article. At the same time it was possible, as a result of a number of organizational and technical measures, to carry out a modern radiation protection programme, thereby significantly reducing both the collective as well as the individual doses, and placing KKB amongst the top ranking plants world-wide. (orig.)

[en] During the past ten years the German gamma dose rate network operated by BfS has been modernized significantly. The main element of this process was the development of a linux based data logger. Designed in-house, this device allows IP based data transfer as well as the interfacing of multiple probes, simultaneously. In addition spectroscopic detectors using the new digital multi channel analyzer are supported which provide nuclide specific information already during the passage of a radioactive plume. To improve the procedures of quality assurance and the inter-comparison of probes on an international scale, the inter-calibration facility operated by BfS at the Schauinsland was modernized in the last year. (orig.)