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AbstractAbstract
[en] Climate warming is already here and the increase of temperatures in France is obvious and greater than that of the mean earth temperature because continents warm up more quickly and high latitudes warm up more quickly than lower ones. Today's uncertainties are more on the assessment of feedback reactions than on the greenhouse gas effect itself. For instance an increase of temperature infers a greater concentration of water vapour in the air and a lesser surface covered by snow at the world scale, both consequences nurturing a further temperature increase. Climate shows a very strong inertia: if strong measures were taken today to reduce carbon emissions, the impact on the climate would appear in 20 or 30 years because of climate inertia and its sensitivity to carbon. Today's climate is the consequence of the carbon released in the atmosphere during the last decades. (A.C.)
Original Title
Le changement climatique, quels mecanismes, quels impacts?
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Journal Article
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AbstractAbstract
[en] A radiation source is composed of one or several nuclides conditioned in a solid, liquid, or gaseous matrix, delivering a certain level of radioactivity (from a few Becquerel to several hundreds of tera-Becquerel). The choice of the type of source depends on its use. Located in the Tricastin site (France), LEA is an ORANO laboratory whose aim is to supply the industry and research centers with radiation sources in compliance with French legislation. LEA has a wide spectrum of authorizations and capabilities to design, import, distribute and recover radiation sources. LEA is recognized worldwide for its know-how in source calibration. Tens of thousands of radiation sources are used daily in France. Some sources are specially designed for particular purposes. For instance LEA manufactures the primary rods for EPR reactors. These primary rods integrate high-activity 252Cf that delivers the neutron flux necessary to initiate the chain of fission reactions. (A.C.)
Original Title
Sources radioactives et etalonnage: une expertise francaise
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Journal Article
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Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Nuclear Energy Agency - OECD/NEA, Committee on Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations and Legacy Management - CDLM, Forum on Stakeholder Confidence - FSC, 46, quai Alphonse Le Gallo, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt (France)2021
AbstractAbstract
[en] The workshop program committee developed a concept paper in preparation for the workshop with the following objectives in mind: - Provide the FSC with the possibility to learn from UK stakeholders about their concerns, views, roles and interactions. - Share collected experience and learnings from the FSC based on 20 years of collaboration; - Examine the concrete approaches of stakeholder involvement in the process of decommissioning a nuclear facility in the UK. - Promote a neutral, respectful and learning dialogue on the subject. - Enhance international collaboration on the subject for the long term. The workshop was divided into the following four sessions: 1. Opening remarks, objectives and a presentation by the NDA setting the stage of the workshop? 2. Two separate panels focusing on: - The viewpoint of the non-governmental organisations (NGOs), - The viewpoints of the FSC, and the UK regulators. 3. Open dialogue among all participants, including the FSC and CDLM participants. 4. Summary of the main takeaways and ending with a roundtable discussion. The discussion brought forward a good overview of the current situation in the UK and also reflected the following main issues related to stakeholder involvement in the field of decommissioning: - Trust and confidence are a vital part of engaging stakeholders. Openness and transparency, as well as consistency between involved entities, are key. - The usual top-down approach ('Decide- Announce-Defend') was widely applied in the last century, leaving a feeling of no engagement nor involvement; the partnership approach which followed showed significant improvements, however, in the view of some stakeholders, the UK 'new build' policy has cast a shadow, reversing the improvements achieved in previous years. - Large quantities of consultations ('consultation fatigue') creates frustration and leaves the impression of promoting participation for the purpose of legitimisation. - It is noted that consultation is not equal to engagement. - Stakeholder confidence means a long term engagement and needs to be built and maintained. Long time frames mean that it is challenging to maintain sustainable engagement mechanisms. - Capacity building and youth engagement is a very important aspect. This requires 'future citizens' and multigenerational aspects to engagement. - The geographical context matters and local perspective (project level) is quite different as at the national policy level; different concerns/ interests (national/regional/local). - It is important to include NGOs - their perspectives are important and valued both on a national NGO as well as local site stakeholder group level (which are the most affected). - Better and more sustainable decisions can be reached through stakeholder involvement. - NGOs with different amounts of resources can create an imbalance; dependencies have to be carefully evaluated and the independence of each actor is crucial. - Clarity of expectations and roles is crucial; UK regulators have a clear role regarding environment and society. - Specific/clear communication for different target groups is important, including different channels (disseminating information, local liaison, social media, etc.). - Verifying how information is received and understood (level of scientific depth) provides a challenge for engaging diverse groups of stakeholders. - Engaging and building confidence with stakeholders requires time and have a cost, so there is a need to be focused and deliberate
Primary Subject
Source
May 2021; 4 p; Stakeholder Confidence Workshop on the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities in the United Kingdom; Boulogne Billancourt (France); 16 Sep 2020; Available from the INIS Liaison Officer for France, see the INIS website for current contact and E-mail addresses
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Report
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Conference
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AbstractAbstract
[en] Ireland has a world-class power sector despite - or perhaps because of - having a small, poorly-interconnected grid. The expertise embedded in the power sector is reflected in its successful integration of world-leading quantities of variable, non-synchronous power generation into the electrical grid with little impact on system reliability to date.
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Journal Article
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Atw. Internationale Zeitschrift fuer Kernenergie; ISSN 1431-5254;
; v. 66(4); p. 35-37

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Bonan, David B; Lehner, Flavio; Holland, Marika M, E-mail: dbonan@caltech.edu2021
AbstractAbstract
[en] Improved knowledge of the contributing sources of uncertainty in projections of Arctic sea ice over the 21st century is essential for evaluating impacts of a changing Arctic environment. Here, we consider the role of internal variability, model structure and emissions scenario in projections of Arctic sea-ice area (SIA) by using six single model initial-condition large ensembles and a suite of models participating in Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. For projections of September Arctic SIA change, internal variability accounts for as much as 40%–60% of the total uncertainty in the next decade, while emissions scenario dominates uncertainty toward the end of the century. Model structure accounts for 60%–70% of the total uncertainty by mid-century and declines to 30% at the end of the 21st century in the summer months. For projections of wintertime Arctic SIA change, internal variability contributes as much as 50%–60% of the total uncertainty in the next decade and impacts total uncertainty at longer lead times when compared to the summertime. In winter, there exists a considerable scenario dependence of model uncertainty with relatively larger model uncertainty under strong forcing compared to weak forcing. At regional scales, the contribution of internal variability can vary widely and strongly depends on the calendar month and region. For wintertime SIA change in the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian and Barents Seas, internal variability contributes 60%–70% to the total uncertainty over the coming decades and remains important much longer than in other regions. We further find that the relative contribution of internal variability to total uncertainty is state-dependent and increases as sea ice volume declines. These results demonstrate that internal variability is a significant source of uncertainty in projections of Arctic sea ice. (letter)
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Source
Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abe0ec; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
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Journal Article
Journal
Environmental Research Letters; ISSN 1748-9326;
; v. 16(4); [11 p.]

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Bourbon, Henri de; Dieschbourg, Carole; Asselborn, Jean; Lenert, Paulette; Tanson, Sam
Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 105. Volume 2020/22021
Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 105. Volume 2020/22021
AbstractAbstract
[en] The present law lays down the third-party liability regime for the compensation of nuclear damage caused by a nuclear incident. Any person who claims to have suffered nuclear damage and who has brought proceedings for compensation within the period applicable pursuant to Article 2262 of the Civil Code may amend their claim to take into account any aggravation of the damage, even after the expiry of that period, provided that final judgment has not been entered. The courts of Luxembourg shall have jurisdiction to hear proceedings concerning nuclear damage arising from a nuclear incident provided that such actions involve Luxembourg territory, or residents or persons on Luxembourg territory at the time of the events giving rise to the damage. In the event of a nuclear incident, proceedings concerning civil liability shall be governed by Luxembourg law
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Chennoufi, F.; Vandensande, E.; Castro Souza Lima, R. de; Touitou-Durand, F.; Ikuma, R.; Ducomble, J.; Scro, J.; Popov, A.; Florea, A.-I.; Silye, J.; Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Nuclear Energy Agency - OECD/NEA, Legal Affairs, 46, quai Alphonse Le Gallo, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt (France); 124 p; 2021; p. 109-111
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Report
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Legislative Material
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The Spanish Society for Radiological Protection (SEPR) is a scientific and technical organization that aims to bring together all radioprotection professionals from all the sectors of activity where ionizing and non-ionizing radiation is produced. The development of the SEPR’s Strategic Plan every 5 years is the cornerstone of all the different activities that the Society carries out. This document establishes the SEPR goals and objectives for that period, as well as the activities planned to achieve them. It is a living and open document that draws on past experiences while looking to the future. The Strategic Plan 2019–2023, approved on June 2019, is the Third Strategic Plan of the SEPR. In its preparation, account has been taken of the experience obtained in the application of the two previous Strategic Plans, as well as of the new demands of the general public and of professionals in the area of radiological protection that have become apparent during the previous period. This paper describes the development of the current Strategic Plan, as well as the Plan itself, and briefly analyzes its implementation in the Conclusion. (memorandum)
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Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/abe694; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
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Journal Article
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AbstractAbstract
[en] In the social conflicts of the Federal Republic of Germany, Protestantism always felt compelled to take a public stand. Particularly in the case of environmental issues, Protestants were under the tension of, on the one hand, representing creation as advocates and, on the other hand, acting as mediators to give space to all positions in the debates. The ambivalent history of nuclear power in the Federal Republic of Germany was such a tense field of debate, especially in the late 1950s and early 1970s, because it was still undecided. Tim Schedel uses historical case studies to convey the Protestant strategy of advocacy mediation through religious language. On this basis, he discusses current concepts of translation of religious language and puts his own conception up for discussion.
[de]
In den gesellschaftlichen Konfliktfällen der Bundesrepublik sah sich der Protestantismus stets zu einer öffentlichen Stellungnahme gedrängt. Dabei standen Protestantinnen und Protestanten gerade bei Umweltthemen unter der Spannung, einerseits die Schöpfung anwaltschaftlich zu vertreten und andererseits als vermittelnde Instanz allen Positionen in den Debatten Raum zu geben. Die ambivalente Geschichte der Atomkraft in der Bundesrepublik war gerade in den späten 1950er und frühen 1970er Jahren so ein spannungsreiches, weil noch unentschiedenes Debattenfeld. Tim Schedel vermittelt in historischen Fallstudien die protestantische Strategie einer anwaltschaftlichen Vermittlung durch religiöse Sprache. Ausgehend davon diskutiert er aktuelle Übersetzungskonzepte religiöser Sprache und stellt eine eigene Konzeption zur Disposition.Original Title
Religiöse Sprache und Atomkraft. Strategien des Protestantismus zur anwaltschaftlichen Vermittlung in gesellschaftlichen Konfliktfeldern
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2021; 191 p; Mohr Siebeck; Tuebingen (Germany); ISBN 978-3-16-159675-9;
; ISBN 978-3-16-159674-2;
; ISSN 2364-3684;
; Available from: https://www.mohrsiebeck.com/buch/religioese-sprache-und-atomkraft-9783161596759?nosubc/subache=1; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/978-3-16-159675-9



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Book
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Pruditsch, Nick
Technische University Dresden (Germany). Philosophische Fakultät2021
Technische University Dresden (Germany). Philosophische Fakultät2021
AbstractAbstract
[en] The changeover to renewable energies and the changes in the existing economic, technical and social systems that are necessarily associated with it are repeatedly described as a generational task - a task that requires long-term action and decision-making. However, neither the political nor the economic system has so far been designed for such complex long-term action. Whereas the imperatives for action in politics include quick successes that increase legitimacy and the chances of re-election, the economy is primarily oriented towards efficiency and profit. As a result, the energy transition, which is technically feasible in principle, is primarily oriented towards short- to medium-term political and economic success criteria, and long-term concerns such as questions of ecology and sustainability are only of secondary importance. The study therefore addresses the question of how and in what form long-termism can be created, ensured and/or maintained in relation to politics and political governance. In doing so, an institutionalist perspective is adopted. The entire study is based on a focused pairwise comparison of qualitative case studies on energy policy governance in Germany and Great Britain in the period from 1989 to 2017.
[de]
Der Umstieg auf erneuerbare Energien und die damit notwendigerweise verbundenen Veränderungen der bestehenden ökonomischen, technischen und sozialen Systeme wird immer wieder als Generationenaufgabe beschrieben – einer Aufgabe, die langfristiges Handeln und Entscheiden verlangt. Allerdings sind weder das politische noch das wirtschaftliche System bisher auf ein derart komplex langfristiges Handeln ausgelegt. Während zu den handlungszwingenden Erfordernissen in der Politik schnelle, die Legitimation wie auch die Wiederwahlchancen steigernde Erfolge zählen, ist die Wirtschaft vor allem an Effizienz und Gewinn orientiert. Das führt dazu, dass die im Grundsatz technisch realisierbare Energiewende vor allem an kurz- bis mittelfristigen politischen wie wirtschaftlichen Erfolgskriterien ausgerichtet ist und langfristige Belange wie bspw. Fragen der Ökologie und der Nachhaltigkeit eine nur nachgeordnete Bedeutung besitzen. Die Arbeit geht deshalb der Frage nach, wie und in welcher Form Langfristigkeit in Bezug auf Politik und politisches Steuerungshandeln erzeugt, sichergestellt und/oder aufrechterhalten werden kann. Dabei wird eine institutionalistische Perspektive eingenommen. Die gesamte Untersuchung stützt sich auf einen fokussierten Paarvergleich differenzanalytischer Art von qualitativen Fallstudien zur energiepolitischen Steuerung in Deutschland und Großbritannien im Zeitraum von 1989 bis 2017.Original Title
Fristigkeit und Politik. Konzeptualisierung und Analyse von langfristigkeitsfördernden Institutionen im Kontext energiepolitischer Steuerung
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Source
Schriften des Lehrstuhls für Energiewirtschaft, TU Dresden. Series of the chair of energy economics, TU Dresden; v. 19; May 2021; 311 p; ISBN 978-3-86780-669-5;
; Available from: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa2-748650; Diss. (Dr.phil.)

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Miscellaneous
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The FS working group "Non-ionising Radiation" (AKNIR) pursues one of its main objectives within the German Radiation Protection Association (Fachverband für Strahlenschutz e.V.) with the development of various guidelines on the topics it covers in the field of non-ionising radiation (NIR). (FS). Both the development and the systematics of the individual guides are oriented in particular towards being able to present information documents for the respective experts on the one hand, but also for an interested public on the other. To this end, the guides themselves are subject to constant updating, taking into account the state of the art in science and technology.
[de]
Der FS-Arbeitskreis "Nichtionisierende Strahlung" (AKNIR) verfolgt mit der Erarbeitung verschiedener Leitfäden zu den von ihm fachlich abgedeckten Themengebieten aus dem Bereich der nichtionisierenden Strahlung (NIR) eines seiner Hauptziele im Fachverband für Strahlenschutz e.V. (FS). Dabei orientieren sich sowohl der Werdegang als auch die Systematik der einzelnen Leitfäden insbesondere daran, Informationsschriften für die jeweilige Fachwelt einerseits, aber auch für eine interessierte Öffentlichkeit andererseits darstellen zu können. Hierzu unterliegen die Leitfäden selbst einer ständigen Aktualisierung, und zwar unter Berücksichtigung des Standes von Wissenschaft und Technik.Original Title
Leitfäden zur nichtionisierenden Strahlung. Eine Erfolgsgeschichte
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Journal Article
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StrahlenschutzPraxis (Koeln); ISSN 0947-434X;
; v. 27(3); p. 29-32

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