[en] The second edition of this outstanding textbook is now available in translation to English-speaking readers. Revised and expanded from the first edition, it brings into even greater focus the relationship between ecology and sensory physiology. (orig./HP)

[en] The report briefly describes work carried out on the following subjects: Determination of protein in fungal strains (including Fusarium and Aspergillus niger); induction and selection of mutants (Aspergillus niger) giving higher yields of biomass and/or higher protein content; ability of fungi (Candida tropicalis) to utilize water extracts of carob bean pods; growth of Fusarium monoliforme at the expense of carob sugars; the use of alternate oxidase-negative mutants (of Ustilago maydis), for better utilization of substrates for growth (electron transport pathways in reoxidation of reduced coenzymes); kinetics of batch and continuous cultivation of Fusarium moniliforme (cultivated on aqueous carob extracts)

[en] Phytoplankton gross primary production (¹⁴C method) in the shallow, eutrophic Danish Lake Arresoe in 1973 was 980 g C m^-2. Calculated net primary production was near zero. Macrophyte net primary production was measured by harvesting the maximum biomass, and above ground values were between 420 and 1325 g ash free dry wt m^-2, while below ground values were between 2480 and 8570 g ash free dry wt m^-2. The reed swamps were mapped on aerial photographs, and the composition of the macrophyte vegetation was determined. A comparison of macrophyte vegetation in 1944 and 1972 showed a reduction in species diversity, especially of submerged species. The seasonal variations in physical and chemical data indicated strong eutrophication in Arresoe. (author)

[en] This document is a report of the conference: research and development work in Austria, organized by Austrian ministry of science and research, the ASSA and the OMV-stock company in 1979, which took place in Vienna. The text is about the different possible forms of solar energy utilization. Broda analyses in detail the utilization and production of biomass. (nowak)

[en] The effective utilization of nuclear methods in all fields of sciences has also led to increasing application in agricultural research. For a better understanding of the relationship between plant, soil and atmosphere all kinds of radiometric and radioanalytical methods are in use today. The introduction of radionuclides and stable isotopes has stimulated to a high degree research work for better and more economical methods of cultivation and has increased the yield of agricultural land. Especially the interaction of radiation with matter, which is the basic principle of radiometric methods, offers the possibility of detecting different stages of plants exposed to internal and external constraints during growth. Some of the most important radiometric methods applied in agricultural research will be described in this review. (author)

[en] Regression analyses of the effect of total dissolved solids on fish standing crops in 166 reservoirs produced formulas with coefficients of determination of 0.63 to 0.81. These formulas provide indexes to average biotic conditions and help to identify stressed aquatic environments. Simple predictive formulas are also presented for clupeid crops in various reservoir types, as clupeids are the fishes most frequently impinged or entrained at southern power plants. A method of calculating the adequacy of the available prey crop in relation to the predator crop is advanced to further aid in identification of perturbed prey populations. Assessment of stress as reflected by changes in sport fishing success can also be approached by comparison of the predicted harvest potential with actual fish harvest data. Use of these predictive indexes is recommended until more elaborate models are developed to identify power plant effects

[en] A multiparameter model for the behaviour of nitrogen compounds in soil is presented. Mineralization and immobilization of nitrogen are thought to be controlled by the biomass. Only nitrate is considered to be leachable. The model, which contains 23 parameters and 19 functions, was tested in a fallow soil, rich in organic matter, for a period of 490 days. Two of the parameters had to be adjusted to obtain reasonable agreement between observations and calculations. A sensitivity analysis showed that (a) the values of many parameters can be varied by a factor of 2 without serious disagreement with the observed values of mineral nitrogen and (b) the use of ¹⁵N-labelled material offers good possibilities of evaluating parameters which determine leaching of nitrate and incorporation of nitrogen in soil biomass. (author)

[en] The description and justification for the compensation function developed and used by Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers (LMS) (under contract to Consolidated Edison Company of New York) in their Hudson River striped bass models are presented. A sensitivity analysis of this compensation function is reported, based on computer runs with a modified version of the LMS completely mixed (spatially homogeneous) model. Two types of sensitivity analysis were performed: a parametric study involving at least five levels for each of the three parameters in the compensation function, and a study of the form of the compensation function itself, involving comparison of the LMS function with functions having no compensation at standing crops either less than or greater than the equilibrium standing crops. For the range of parameter values used in this study, estimates of percent reduction are least sensitive to changes in YS, the equilibrium standing crop, and most sensitive to changes in KXO, the minimum mortality rate coefficient. Eliminating compensation at standing crops either less than or greater than the equilibrium standing crops results in higher estimates of percent reduction. For all values of KXO and for values of YS and KX at and above the baseline values, eliminating compensation at standing crops less than the equilibrium standing crops results in a greater increase in percent reduction than eliminating compensation at standing crops greater than the equilibrium standing crops

[en] Phytoplankton biomass and production in the upwelling region of NW Africa and relationships with hydrographic parameters were studied. During the cruise of 'Atlor VII' carried out in November 1975 in the upwelling region of NW Africa, measurements of chlorophyll a and primary production as derived from ¹⁴C uptake experiments were made at a total of 40 stations. Biomass and production showed the higher values on the shelf in the area of Banc d'Arguin and north of Cap Blanc. Production estimates in this area ranged between 1.4 and 3.2 g C m^-2 d^-1. There was a marked minimum in biomass and production at Lat. 21⁰N, in the zone of maximum upwelling intensity. With the exception of this minimum, the productive area coincided with the zone where surface temperature was lower than 18⁰C (indicating dominance of upwelled Central Waters) and nutrients were detectable in the upper layers. In the poorer offshore area there was a distinct subsurface chlorophyll maximum. The results are compared with those of previous cruises and some features of the seasonal cycle in the studied area are discussed. (orig.)

No abstract available