[en] As a part of the project 'development of hydrogen production technologies by high temperature electrolysis using very high temperature reactor', we have developed an electrolyzer model for high temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE) system and carried out some preliminary estimations on the effects of heat recovery on the HTSE hydrogen production system. To produce massive hydrogen by using nuclear energy, the HTSE process is one of the promising technologies with sulfur-iodine and hybrid sulfur process. The HTSE produces hydrogen through electrochemical reaction within the solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), which is a reverse reaction of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The HTSE system generally operates in the temperature range of 700∼900 .deg. C. Advantages of HTSE hydrogen production are (a) clean hydrogen production from water without carbon oxide emission, (b) synergy effect due to using the current SOFC technology and (c) higher thermal efficiency of system when it is coupled nuclear reactor. Since the HTSE system operates over 700 .deg. C, the use of heat recovery is an important consideration for higher efficiency. In this paper, four different heat recovery configurations for the HTSE system have been investigated and estimated

[en] A thermoeconomic feasibility analysis is presented yielding a simple algebraic optimization formula for estimating the optimum length of a finned pipe that is used for waste heat recovery. A simple economic optimization method is used in the present study by combining it with an integrated overall heat balance method based on fin effectiveness for calculating the maximum savings from a waste heat recovery system

[en] The heating of aluminium for profile forming involves high energy losses. Up to 50 percent of the energy is released into the atmosphere as waste heat. Two scientists of the Institute of Electrical Process Engineering of Leibniz University Hanover describe optimisation processes in the field of aluminium heating which have a high energy saving potential. (orig.)

[en] The thermal process of wastes with higher calorific value by pyrolysis is reviewed to recover the value added three by-products; a pyrolytic char, a pyrolytic oil, and a non-condensable gas. These by-products from pyrolysis of the waste is converted for electricity power and thermal energy thru gasification process as well as waste heat recovery process. The energy resource and several processes in the integrated pyrolysis gasification combined cycle for waste treatment are investigated with the conceptual design in using the obtained operation data from the pyrolysis pilot, demonstration and commercial plant.

[en] Small gas turbines in power range of several MWs are quite suitable for application in distributed generation as well as Community Energy Systems (CES). Humidification is an effective way to improve gas turbine performance, and steam injection is the most general and practically feasible method. This study intended to examine the effect of steam injection on the performance of several MW class gas turbines. A primary concern is given to the regenerative cycle gas turbine. The steam injection effect on the performance of a system without the regenerator (i.e. a simple cycle) is also examined. In addition, the influence of bypass of some of the exhaust gas on the performance of the gas turbine, especially the regenerative cycle gas turbine, is evaluated.

[en] We develop a heat exchanger modules for a multi-burner boiler. The heat exchanger module is kind of a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). This heat recovery system has 8 heat exchanger modules. The 1st module consists of 27 bare tubes due to high temperature exhaust gas and the others consist of 27 finned tubes. The maximum steam pressure of each module is 1 MPa and tested steam pressure is 0.7 MPa. In order to test these heat exchanger modules, we make a 0.5 t/h flue tube boiler (LNG, 40 Nm³/h). We tested the heat exchanger module with changing the position of each heat exchanger module. We measured the inlet and outlet temperature of each heat exchanger module and calculated the heat exchange rate. Based on test results, we develop a heat transfer calculation program to predict flue gas. Calculation results show that temperature and temperature difference between measured and calculated flue gas exit temperature is less than 20 .deg. C when flue gas inlet temperature is 620 .deg. C.

[en] Recently, microturbines have received attention as a small-scale distributed power generator. Since the exhaust gas carries all of the heat release, the microturbine CHP (Combined Heat and Power) system is relatively compact and easy to maintain. Generating hot water or steam is usual method of heat recovery from the microturbine. In this work, a heat recovery unit producing hot water was installed at the exhaust side of a 30 kW class microturbine and its performance characteristics following microturbine power variation was investigated. Heat recovery performance has been compared for different operating conditions such as constant hot water temperature and constant water flow rate. In particular, the influence of water flow rate and hot water temperature on the recovered heat was analyzed

[en] This paper presents a static and dynamic simulation model of a SuperCritical Heat Recovery Steam Generator (SC HRSG) and its application to investigate the load changes and start-up processes for the next generation high efficiency combined cycles. To design the modern combined cycle power plants with high pressure and temperature steam requirements, it is necessary to generate detailed computer models. As an important supports for designers this study describes the upgrading of a validated subcritical HRSG model to SC HRSG. The model includes advanced control circuits to achieve a high level of accuracy, especially during startup. The comparison between the simulation results and the designed data in steady state and different load changes are documented. The obtained results demonstrate that the simulation is very reliable to predict the startup procedure for the SC HRSG. And differences in the thermal efficiency between Sub and SC HRSGs during warm start-up process are assessed.

[en] In recent years municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal has been one of the most important environmental problems for all of the Portuguese regions. The basic principles of MSW management in Portugal are: (1) prevention or reduction, (2) reuse, (3) recovery (e.g., recycling, incineration with heat recovery), and (4) polluter-pay principle. A brief history of legislative trends in waste management is provided herein as background for current waste management and recycling activities. The paper also presents and discusses the municipal solid waste management in Portugal and is based primarily on a national inquiry carried out in 2003 and directed to the MSW management entities. Additionally, the MSW responsibility and management structure in Portugal is presented, together with the present situation of production, collection, recycling, treatment and elimination of MSW. Results showed that 96% of MSW was collected mixed (4% was separately collected) and that 68% was disposed of in landfill, 21% was incinerated at waste-to-energy plants, 8% was treated at organic waste recovery plants and 3% was delivered to sorting. The average generation rate of MSW was 1.32 kg/capita/day

[en] Recently, Heat Recovery Steam Generator(HRSG) is widely used in various commercial places such as hospital, restaurant, and sauna for steam generation equipment due to increasing demand on steam usage for disinfection or fumigation. In HRSG, finned tube type evaporator is usually utilized to enhance heat transfer performance for higher steam generation. Most previous research so far has been focused on heat transfer enhancement aspect from geometry of each individual fin such as pitch distance, length, and thickness. In current study, we have tried to identify the effect from gap size between tube module and side wall on overall heat transfer. We found out that the gap size has considerable effect on total heat transfer rate. We also observed that both heat transfer performance and pressure drop is decreasing with increasing gas size.