[en] Volume 10 of Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy consists of accounts covering three main areas of molecular science: NMR of living systems is covered for the first time in this series; various aspects of Boron NMR are dealt with in two, largely complementary chapters; the third area reported on is that of NMR studies of alkali anions in nonaqueous solvents

[en] Localized H-1 MR spectra and spectroscopic images of human intracranial tumors were obtained at 1.5 T (Gyroscan S15). Regions of interest centered within the tumors were selected on the basis of H-1 MR images. Localized H-1 MR spectra from single volumes (20--30 cm³) were obtained within a few minutes. Localized H-1 MR spectra from (typically) 16 adjacent volumes of 10 mL each were simultaneously acquired by means of spectroscopic imagining, in about 10 minutes. The tumor H-1 MR spectra revealed distinct abnormalities as compared with normal brain spectra. Some tumors showed changes in the choline and creatine resonances, whereas in all tumors the N-acetyl aspartate resonance was significantly lower than normal. In several cases, an abnormal high lactate level was detected. Spectroscopic imaging also could show tissue heterogeneity within the symptomatic regions

No abstract available

[en] Contents include: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMRI); (Clinical applications, Magnet types, Comparisons with other systems, Manpower, Manufacturers, Contraindications); Analysis of systems; (Availability, Accessibility, Cost, Quality, Continuity, Acceptability)

[en] In this chapter, the fundamental principles of NMR spectroscopy are discussed, followed by a brief section on NMR instrumentation, with special emphasis on aspects germane to biological NMR, in general, and cardiac NMR, in particular. Applications of NMR spectroscopy to studies of the heart are then cited, and in the closing section the potential future of cardiac NMR studies, questions of interest, and possible approaches for addressing then are suggested

[en] The ¹H NMR spectra of a series of blood group A active oligosaccharides containing from four to ten sugar residues have been completely assigned, and quantitative nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOE) have been measured between protons separated by known distances within the pyranoside ring. The observation of NOE between anomeric protons and those of the aglycon sugar as well as small effects between protons of distant rings suggests that the oligosaccharides have well-defined conformations. Conformational energy calculations were carried out on a trisaccharide, Fuc(α-1→2)[GalNAc(α-1→3)]-Galβ-O-me, which models the nonreducing terminal fragments of the blood group A oligosaccharides. The results of calculations with three different potential energy functions which have been widely used in peptides and carbohydrates gave several minimum energy conformations. In NOE calculations from conformational models, the rotational correlation time was adjusted to fit T₁'s and intra-ring NOE. Comparison of calculated maps of NOE as a function of glycosidic dihedral angles showed that only a small region of conformational space was consistent with experimental data on a blood group A tetrasaccharide alditol. This conformation occurs at an energy minimum in all three energy calculations. Temperature dependence of the NOE implies that the oligosaccharides adopt single rigid conformations which do not change with temperature

[en] Analysis of the variation in peak intensities in NMR spectra from intramolecular hydrogen ratios indicated measurable variations in the ²H to ¹H isotope ratios at different sites in organic molecules. Various ways in which interpretation of data from NMR spectra can be used for characterization of rate-controlling processes of rather complex chemical and biochemical processes and for observing chemical histories of identical compounds are pointed out

[en] Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is having an enormous impact on biomedical research, both at the basic science and clinical levels. After initial medical applications in the 1970's rapid progress in recent years has resulted primarily from technological advances

[en] Spectral lines from metabolites of interest, such as lactate, may be obscured because of the signal from a variety of protonated metabolites within the volume of interest (VOI). To eliminate interfering peaks, the authors combined localized proton spectroscopy in vivo with a method for volume-localized lactate editing that uses zero-quantum coherence created in a stimulated-echo (STEAM) pulse sequence with a 1.5-T clinical MR unit. H-1 spectra of the human brain in vivo were obtained in five normal volunteers and seven patients. All spectra were obtained for a VOI of 3x3x3 cm. In normal volunteers, neither the baseline spectrum nor the lactate editing spectrum exhibited a lactate peak. In patients with cerebral infarction ( n = 4) or brain tumors (n = 3), complex spectra were found before lactate editing due to interfering peaks in four of seven patients. With the lactate editing method, interfering lipid peaks could be removed from the lactate resonances in all four patients. The authors conclude that volume-localized lactate editing with zero-quantum coherence is useful in eliminating interfering peaks that may obscure the spectral line of lactate

[en] To study the motion artifacts that propagate during the relatively long readout period in spectroscopy, the authors used a simple harmonic motion phantom and acquired all data at 1.5 T on a Signa imaging system. Motion artifacts during data collection were proportional to the degree of motion and the static field inhomogeneity. Motion artifacts propagated as frequency shifts and spectral line broadening. Observation of slight line broadening in ungated exercise studies in which the upper leg was well supported (quadriceps exercise) showed only a small (10 Hz vs 9 Hz) line-width variation between isotonic and isometric exercise, indicating a small degree of motion over a relatively homogeneous field. Gating improved the data but would not necessarily remove all artifacts; it simply fixes the starting point of data collection